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Pacuvius
Marcus Pacuvius (220 – c. 130 BC) was the greatest of the tragic poets of ancient Rome prior to Lucius Accius.
==Biography==
He was the nephew and pupil of Ennius, by whom Roman tragedy was first raised to a position of influence and dignity. In the interval between the death of Ennius (169 BC) and the advent of Accius, the youngest and most productive of the tragic poets, Pacuvius alone maintained the continuity of the serious drama, and perpetuated the character first imparted to it by Ennius. Like Ennius he probably belonged to an Oscan stock, and was born at Brundisium, which had become a Roman colony in 244 BC. Hence he never attained to that perfect idiomatic purity of style, which was the special glory of the early writers of comedy, Naevius and Plautus.
Pacuvius obtained distinction also as a painter; and Pliny the Elder (''Naturalis Historia'' xxxv) mentions a work of his in the Temple of Hercules in the Forum Boarium. He was less productive as a poet than either Ennius or Accius; we hear of only twelve of his plays, founded on Greek subjects and most of them connected to the Trojan cycle (''Antiope'', ''Armorum Judicium'', ''Atalanta'', ''Chryses'', ''Dulorestes'', ''Hermione'', ''Iliona'', ''Medus'', ''Niptra'', ''Pentheus'', ''Periboea'', and ''Teucer'') and one ''praetexta'' (''Paullus'') written in connection with the victory of Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus at the Battle of Pydna (168 BC), as the ''Clastidium'' of Naevius and the ''Ambracia'' of Ennius were written in commemoration of great military successes.
He continued to write tragedies till the age of eighty, when he exhibited a play in the same year as Accius, who was then thirty years of age. He retired to Tarentum for the last years of his life, and a story is told by Aulus Gellius (xiii.2) of his being visited there by Accius on his way to Asia, who read his ''Atreus'' to him. The story is probably, like that of the visit of the young Terence to the veteran Caecilius Statius, due to the invention of later grammarians; but it is invented in accordance with the traditionary criticism (Horace, ''Epp.'' ii.1.5455) of the distinction between the two poets, the older being characterized rather by cultivated accomplishment (''doctus''), the younger by vigour and animation (''altus'').
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